@conference {1510363,
	title = {Adjustable autonomy in real-world multi-agent environments },
	booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents{\textquoteright}01)},
	year = {2001},
	abstract = {Through adjustable autonomy (AA), an agent can dynamically vary
the degree to which it acts autonomously, allowing it to exploit human abilities to improve its performance, but without becoming
overly dependent and intrusive in its human interaction. AA research is critical for successful deployment of multi-agent systems
in support of important human activities. While most previous AA
work has focused on individual agent-human interactions, this paper focuses on teams of agents operating in real-world human organizations. The need for agent teamwork and coordination in such
environments introduces novel AA challenges. First, agents must
be more judicious in asking for human intervention, because, although human input can prevent erroneous actions that have high
team costs, one agent{\textquoteright}s inaction while waiting for a human response
can lead to potential miscoordination with the other agents in the
team. Second, despite appropriate local decisions by individual
agents, the overall team of agents can potentially make global decisions that are unacceptable to the human team. Third, the diversity in real-world human organizations requires that agents gradually learn individualized models of the human members, while
still making reasonable decisions even before sufficient data are
available. We address these challenges using a multi-agent AA
framework based on an adaptive model of users (and teams) that
reasons about the uncertainty, costs, and constraints of decisions
at all levels of the team hierarchy, from the individual users to the
overall human organization. We have implemented this framework
through Markov decision processes, which are well suited to reason
about the costs and uncertainty of individual and team actions. Our
approach to AA has proven essential to the success of our deployed
multi-agent Electric Elves system that assists our research group in
rescheduling meetings, choosing presenters, tracking people{\textquoteright}s locations, and ordering meals.},
	author = {Paul Scerri and D. V. Pynadath and Tambe, Milind}
}
